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8. POST-MEDIEVAL (1485–1750): RESEARCH AGENDA
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8.1 Urbanism: morphology, functions and buildings
8.1.1: Can we elucidate the roles of towns as social, administrative, industrial and commercial centres, their integration within regional marketing systems and their relationship to communication routes?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIAN8.1.2: How were towns organised and planned, and how did population growth impact upon their internal spatial organisation?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify and research the landless urban and rural poor, Further research the morphology and use of caves8.1.3: What was the impact of religion, urban government, civic pride and class structures upon town planning and architecture (e.g. public buildings such as town halls or prisons and water management structures)?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIAN8.1.4: What can studies of environmental data, artefacts and structural remains tell us about variations in diet, living conditions and status?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIAN8.1.5: Can we recognise the emergence of the poorer classes in the developing suburbs?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify and research the landless urban and rural poor8.1.6: How can we advance studies of building plans and standing remains, especially where hidden inside later buildings, and of caves and cellars?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Further research the morphology and use of caves, Establish a typology of regional building traditions8.2 Landscapes of display: country houses and gardens
8.2.1: Can we elucidate further the use of social space in buildings and across the landscape, the manipulation of vistas and the integration of gardens with the wider landscape?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context8.2.2: How were garden designs influenced by changing fashions and by a familiarity with Continental garden styles?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context8.2.3: What horticultural methods, planting schemes and water management methods were employed by garden planners?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context8.2.4: How are tenants and servants reflected in the surviving material culture?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context, Develop further the study of ceramic assemblages8.2.5: Can we establish regional typologies of parklands, parkland structures and the villages and cottages associated with estates?
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Establish a typology of regional building traditions, Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context8.3 Agricultural landscapes and the food-producing economy
8.3.1: How can we improve our understanding of the early landscapes of enclosure and improvement and the interrelationship between arable, pasture, woodland, commons and waste?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.3.2: How did water management and land drainage change the landscape during this period?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.3.3: What changes and improvements occurred in animal husbandry and the use of animals (e.g. new breeds, traction and traded animal products)?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.3.4: What garden plants and crops were grown in the countryside and urban market gardens, and what new types were introduced?
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Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.4 Rural settlement patterns and building traditions
8.4.1: Can we enhance our understanding of the houses of the rural poor?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify and research the landless urban and rural poor, Establish a typology of regional building traditions8.4.2: Can we develop as an aid to academic study and conservation management a regional typology of farmhouses, barns and other rural vernacular buildings?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Establish a typology of regional building traditions, Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.4.3: Can we discern intra-regional or temporal variations in the pattern of rural vernacular architecture?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Establish a typology of regional building traditions8.4.4: What was the impact of industrialisation upon established settlement patterns and the rural landscape, and how did this vary regionally?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Identify and research the landless urban and rural poor, Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.4.5: How did the diet, living conditions and status of rural and urban communities compare?
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Identify agricultural improvements of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries8.5 Industry and communications
8.5.1: Can we elucidate the organisation of the workplace, gender differences at work and the development of industrial processes (especially the nationally important lead, coal and tanning industries)?
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POST MEDIEVAL, 20TH CENTURY, 21ST CENTURY, GEORGIAN, VICTORIAN, HANOVERIANLinked Strategy(s):
Further research the morphology and use of caves, Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.5.2: Can we shed further light upon the developing technology of the regionally important early stoneware potteries?
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Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.5.3: Can we identify domestic buildings adapted for the textile industry?
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Establish a typology of regional building traditions, Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.5.4: How were transport infrastructures improved and how was this related to the developing urban and market hierarchy?
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Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.5.5: What may be learned of the material culture of industrial workers?
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Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.5.6: What can we deduce from factory/non-factory production data about the changing economy (especially patterns of marketing and consumption)?
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Research the development of East Midlands industry and its impact upon landscape and settlement morphology8.6 Ecclesiastical structures, estates and burials
8.6.1: What was the impact of the Reformation upon ecclesiastical buildings and monastic estates?
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Study the post-Dissolution re-use of monastic structures and the continuity of monastic estates8.6.2: Can a typology of church-related and non-Anglican buildings be devised?
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POST MEDIEVAL8.6.3: How can we ensure appropriate recording of churches and chapels, graveyards, artefacts of burial and remembrance and human remains (with their major potential for elucidating diet, health and demography)?
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Investigate graveyards and other burial sites8.6.4: Can we devise a typology to record and classify more effectively the interiors of ecclesiastical buildings, their decoration and monuments?
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POST MEDIEVAL8.7 Battlefields and fortifications
8.7.1: How best can we record and study battlefield sites, particularly of the Civil War period (e.g. Naseby)?
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Investigate graveyards and other burial sites, Investigate Civil War defences, siege works and battlefields8.7.2: How can we refine our knowledge of Civil War defences and siege works?
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Investigate Civil War defences, siege works and battlefields8.7.3: What was the impact of the Civil War upon urban development (notably the demolition of suburbs, as at Leicester, and post-siege development)?
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Investigate Civil War defences, siege works and battlefields8.8 Material culture
Organisation
Trent & Peak Archaeology
Site/Project Name
Lenton Priory
Parish
Lenton
County/Unitary Authority
Nottingham City
NGR
SK 55151 38755
HER No
Awaiting deposition
OASIS ID
Trentpea1-204664(3)
Museum No
To be finalised
Report and Web Link
The Lenton Priory Project. A Report on a Community Excavation
Agenda Topic(s)
8.6.1 What was the impact of the Reformation upon ecclesiastical buildings and monastic estates?
Research Objective(s)
8G Study the post-Dissolution re-use of monastic structures and the continuity of monastic estates
How has this work addressed the Research Agenda and Strategy?
The excavation of Trench 3 identified the remains of the early 12th century conventual church of Lenton Priory. A post-Dissolution re-use phase was identified which utilised the northern aisle of the church. It is unclear what function this building played, but the relatively delicate mortar surface is indicative of a domestic function rather than a purpose such as livestock corralling or crop storage.
It is believed that stonework from the monastic estate was quarried for large-scale building projects around Nottinghamshire from 1538 onwards and that the priory buildings were soon demolished. This does not fit with the excavated evidence, which demonstrates re-use of some of the monastic buildings in the post-Dissolution period.
Organisation
Trent & Peak Archaeology
Site/Project Name
We Dig the Castle
County/Unitary Authority
Nottingham City
NGR
SK 56985 39485
Report and Web Link
http://tparchaeology.co.uk/wedigthecastle.htm
Agenda Topic(s)
8.2.3 What horticultural methods, planting schemes and water management methods were employed by garden planners?
8.2.2 How were garden designs influenced by changing fashions and by a familiarity with Continental garden styles?
Research Objective(s)
8D Investigate developments in estate and garden design and their landscape context
How has this work addressed the Research Agenda and Strategy?
For the last three years Trent & Peak Archaeology has conducted a community training dig within the Outer Bailey of Nottingham Castle, under a project entitled ‘We Dig the Castle’. These excavations have begun to elaborate the layout of the formal gardens of the 17th century Ducal Palace and how this layout evolved into a more informal parkland arrangement in the 18th century, which was in line with the fashions of the time. Features identified may also indicate the presence of a kitchen garden within the excavation area during the Post-Medieval period.
Organisation
MOLA Northampton
Site/Project Name
Project Angel
Parish
All Saints
County/Unitary Authority
Northamptonshire
NGR
SP 75501 60264
HER No
ENN107673
OASIS ID
molanort1-308684
Agenda Topic(s)
8.1.2 How were towns organised and planned, and how did population growth impact upon their internal spatial organisation?
8.1.4 What can studies of environmental data, artefacts and structural remains tell us about variations in diet, living conditions and status?
8.8.2 Can we establish a dated type series for ceramics (building in particular upon unpublished urban pit and well groups)?
Research Objective(s)
8I Develop further the study of ceramic assemblages
How has this work addressed the Research Agenda and Strategy?
The project is currently at Updated Project Design stage, and is a work in progress.
The site lies in the Norman “New Borough” of Northampton and was preceded by significant medieval occupation, malting and baking, followed by clearance and abandonment. A single late medieval stone tenement survived on St Johns Street that was extended and refurbished in the late 15th century. The building had three clay-floored rooms, a kitchen range with bread oven and hearths, and a yard with outhouse and wells. The house lay within an area of otherwise abandoned space, until the 18th-century.
Another building was established on Fetter Street after c1450, which was the first archaeological indication for this street￢ﾀﾙs existence. The Fetter Street tenement had a relatively short duration and pottery in the abandonment and demolition levels suggested that it ceased to exist by c1550.
The period of the 17th￢ﾀﾓ18th centuries was marked by dark loamy soils associated with gardens and orchards, until the construction of stables and terraced buildings, and the historically recorded developments thereafter. Much of this is likely to reflect late post-medieval town planning and economic expansion.
Further investigation of the shellfish and animal bone will provide more in-depth analysis of the early post-medieval assemblages. It will contribute to the study of diet, craft/industrial resource exploitation, social/economic status and site conditions through waste disposal.
The existing Northamptonshire Ceramic Type Series (CTS) forms the basis for all pottery coding. All of the pottery has been coded to the CTS for the present report. Previously unknown or unidentified ceramics are continually added to the CTS and published on a site by site basis until such a time as funding is available to collate these additions.