Late Medieval


Late Medieval Research Questions

Chronologies

LM01: How can we improve the dendrochronological sequencing for the medieval period in the north-west?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900a938b
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.02 – Improve the dendrochronology sequence for the region, with more samples taken from standing buildings as well as excavated preserved wooden objects.
More information:

Expansion of dendrochronology. Establish a regional master sequence against which to compare samples.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

Rural Settlement and Land use

LM02: What is our understanding of late medieval land reclamation, water management and exploitation of natural resources?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900aaf52
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.13 – Study climatic changes in the medieval period (plus human use of landscape/vegetation).
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Link these to Documentary research to establish patterns of land use and change. Look at population growth leading to encroachment on common land.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM03: How did small settlements evolve and exploit environmental resources?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ab613
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Link to documentary research where such resources exist. Link to growth of nucleated settlements. Test hypothesis of chronology and village development by excavation. Medieval sites need to be understood in the context of their location within the township and in relation to the manorial facilities.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM04: How can place name evidence inform our understanding of the expansion of Medieval dispersed settlements?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900abd5b
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.09 – Examine individual dispersed settlements, especially those with hey, ridding, stubbing, thwaite, or other names possibly associated with medieval settlement expansion.
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Archaeological investigation of developments on the edge of smaller and rural settlements and DMVs. Link to documentary research where such resources exist. Is there a discernible difference in settlement/boundary patterns between royal forests/game areas and other landscapes?

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM05: How can we recreate the medieval land-use patterns within townships?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ac370
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Cheshire HLC clearly shows patterns of medieval assarts and wetland reclamation.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM06: How can the impact of landholding and lordship be identified by wider landscape studies?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900acab6
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Carry out wider landscape studies based upon individual estates, to investigate the impact of particular forms of landholding and lordship.  Landscape-based surveys should be undertaken at various levels of historic land holdings and divisions such as the honour, manor and township, to test the underlying hypothesis of both county based HLCs and Roberts and Wrathmell’s (2002a) national analysis of settlement patterns. Link to documentary research where such resources exist. Use detailed aerial photo or LIDAR work on selected deer parks to determine the typology of subdivision and further documentary research to explore prevalence of deer leaps.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM07: How we can use inter-regional and cross-border concepts to aid our understanding of the relationships between settlements in the medieval period?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ad0fe
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Cross border research initiative to understand cultural identity, medieval borders, particularly with Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. Still very little cross-border collaboration in the north. Need to expand – does cross-border include the Isle of Man and Irish Sea?

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM08: How can the impact of plague, climate change and war be identified through the archaeological investigation of rural settlements?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ad6ed
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Application of scientific methodologies particularly to burial studies. Also identification of land/resettlement in upland areas in early part of late medieval period, then abandoned post Black Death and resettled as population expanded again. Settlement desertion – excavation linked to scientific dating.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM09: How can the analysis of peat and documentary evidence enhance our knowledge of the Right of Turbury?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900add72
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Review relevant grey literature and historic research, and target palaeoenvironmental work.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM10: How can a review of excavated and surveyed extant farm buildings and house types contribute to our understanding of the late medieval/early Post Medieval transition?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ae413
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Revise and enhance regional typologies. Undertake surveys of farm buildings and house types across the Medieval and Post Medieval transition. Is a synthesis required?
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM11: How can we improve our understanding of the origins and developments of building types from early med to late medieval?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900ae9d8
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Establish better chronologies through excavation and survey that link standing and below ground building remains to chronologies established through artefact and dendrochronological analysis. Is a synthesis required?
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM12: How do we improve our knowledge of the regions various agricultural practices, plant and animal husbandry, and how did these change and develop over time?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howdoweimproveo-5d5bad0f5a15b
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Ensure a full range of appropriate archaeological techniques are applied, such as palaeoenvironmental analysis, landscape survey, place name and documentary evidence. Continue to apply new techniques to old and new animal bone assemblages to establish the range of animals that were managed and their movement across the region  and country (isotope analysis). Look at East Midlands research on land ownership changes post Norman Conquest eg. larger estates including the royal hunting forests

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM13: What can we learn about the origins and development of the use of managed woodlands across the region?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900af5fb
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Dendrochronology and palaeoenvironmental evidence along with evidence that for various industrial uses of woodland and woodland products need synthesis to begin to contextualise and understand the extent and importance of woodland management across the region. Surveys of ancient woodland looking for archaeological features is currently occurring in West Yorkshire: ‘Celebrating our Woodland Heritage Project’. Can this be rolled out in the North West?
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM14: How can we improve our understanding of the form, evolution and functions of buildings within rural settlements and establish the extent of surviving medieval fabrics?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900afbe6
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Multiple uses of buildings and dual economy. Synthesis of work on barns. Investigate the morphology of rural settlements.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM15: How have recent detailed surveys of medieval halls informed our understanding of their evolution and transition to modern housing?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b011e
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There have been a number of large scale and detailed surveys of Medieval and Tudor halls in recent years. These should be synthesised to help understanding of the transition to modern housing.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM16: What insights can graffiti and protective markings provide on medieval and later societies and their beliefs? LINKS with Q27 and Q32

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b0763
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Apotropaic markings in higher status timber framed buildings – protective marks and graffiti. Review effectiveness of recent surveys and roll out programme across North-West. Train and use local heritage groups as with the Greater Manchester model.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

Urban Settlement

LM17: How can we identify the potential survival of Medieval urban fabric and stratigraphy?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b0cea
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Surveying to identify streets, cellars and back plots.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM18: What more can we learn about the defence of Medieval towns and smaller settlements?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b135e
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Undertake new surveys of town defences and revisit archives. Work in Chester is on-going and much has been done from the point of view of historians; need to ensure this work is linked with the archaeological studies to form an holistic approach. Include siege works. 

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM19: How can archaeological investigations be targeted to define the character and function of the region’s earliest towns in the immediate post-Conquest period

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b1971
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Continue to use the planning system to target excavations in known Medieval town centres, as has happened in Salford and Manchester.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM20: How can we make sure urban archaeological databases are accessible and up to date for key medieval towns?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Areurbanarchaeo-5d5bad0f5d130
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Review coverage and condition of UADs, including Carlisle and Lancaster, and accessibility and updating of urban archaeological database. Need to be made more accessible for front end users such as planners and able to update.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM21: How can below-ground archaeological investigations shed light on the role and nature of small towns?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/question-5d9b5900b26ba
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Buildings on stone footprints as shown on tithe and earlier maps should be investigated for earlier fabrics. Consider failed towns and their differences with successful ones.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Committee
Date accepted:
07/10/2019
Date of next review:
07/10/2024

LM22: What differences are there in the stratigraphy and material culture of urban settlements linked to industrial specialisations as opposed to smaller market towns?”

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatdifferences-5d5bad0f5dcd8
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Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM23: Should large planned villages be considered “Urban” and if not, what are the differences?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Shouldlargeplan-5d5bad0f5e486
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Identify potential sites and develop a methodology. Potential issues with shallower deposits on small urban and rural sites.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

Religion, Ritual and Ceremony

LM24: How can archaeological techniques be applied to enhance our understanding of the evolution and character of monasteries and lesser religious houses?

More information on this question
URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanarchaeolo-5d5bad0f5e9b6
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.24 – Prioritise investigation of the buildings of urban friaries.
More information:

Study the origin and decline of hermitages. Link to documentary research where such resources exist. In addition to monastic outer courts, ancillary buildings and precinct boundaries, should estates (eg. gardens, farms and granges) be included?

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM25: How can modern approaches to buildings analysis increase our understanding of the structural evolution of Medieval churches?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanmodernapp-5d5bad0f5efb5
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.25 – Undertake buildings analysis using modern approaches and techniques on churches.
More information:

Apply modern approaches and techniques to building surveys and compare with previous studies to establish new data. Link to documentary research where such resources exist.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM26: How did the location of Medieval churches and other religious houses relate to and influence Medieval settlement patterns?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howdidthelocati-5d5bad0f5f588
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Look at what influenced the location of ecclesiastical sites.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM27: What evidence is there for Medieval popular belief and spiritual customs?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatevidenceist-5d5bad0f5fb92
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Target timber and stone buildings and other features such as holy wells. Devise strategy on identification of apotropaic markings. Look closer at graffiti in Medieval churches, Expand the Greater Manchester graffiti survey model. Links with LM16 and LM32

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM28: How can we identify regional trends in the development of church architecture, sculpture and other decorative schemes; and are there regional styles or are the relationships more nationally based?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanweidentif-5d5bad0f60095
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Ensure the full range of church architecture, monuments fixtures and fittings are recorded and subject to regional analysis. Collate and synthesise existing surveys and reports to inform regional studies.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM29: What was the impact of the Reformation upon ecclesiastical buildings and monastic estates?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatwastheimpac-5d5bad0f6069a
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Study post-Dissolution re-use of monastic structures and continuity of monastic estates. Landscape surveys, historic research into estates, place name evidence, study of adapted buildings and re-used building materials. Link to documentary research where such resources exist.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM30: How can we better understand the layout and function of grange estates?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanwebetteru-5d5bad0f60b73
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Invasive and non-invasive investigations: historic research, landscape survey, geophysics, aerial photography and LIDAR analysis, targeted excavation. Link to documentary research where such resources exist. Examine the disparity of use.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM31: How can we improve our knowledge of the health and composition of the general population over this period; do new population demographics arise from conquest, depletion, immigration and other movement, and is it possible to identify more mobile individuals in communities?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanweimprove-5d5bad0f61091
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Ensure that the limited resource of human burials of this period is subject to the full range of current archaeological and scientific techniques for studying all aspects such as health and place of origin. Include documentary evidence for population immigration and emigration (isotope and DNA analysis). Where possible apply new techniques to existing assemblages. Link to documentary evidence where this exists. Pay particular attention to the demographics of the coastal towns/cities.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM32: How common are apotropaic markings in timber and stone churches and what are their meanings?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/32.Howcommonare-5d5bad0f6163b
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Adapt and develop successful models from within and outside the region to survey early churches in the North-West. Look for opportunities to engage the help of volunteers from local heritage groups and elsewhere. Train local volunteers to spread coverage of the survey and harness local knowledge and enthusiasm. Links to LM16 and LM27

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM33: What does the development of church architecture tell us about the “authority” of the church?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatdoesthedeve-5d5bad0f61b16
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A study of the development of church architecture, “the architecture of authority.”
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

Defence, Warfare and Military Activity

LM34: How can modern survey and excavation techniques improve our understanding of the origins and architecture of castles and defended sites?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanmodernsur-5d5bad0f61fda
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.33 – Undertake detailed interpretative fabric surveys of fortified houses.
More information:

Synthesis of the Castle Studies Group work at Lancaster castle and elsewhere in the region. Photogrammetic coverage of exterior of Lancaster Castle is incomplete and 3D modelling might give better ability to interpret. The Castle Studies Group work has re-ignited interest but gives a somewhat biased chronology which needs to be revised and tested.

n

Utilise a suite of modern techniques, dendrochronology, geoarchaeology, Lidar and GPR for fabric surveys. Link to documentary research where such resources exist. Include moated sites.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM35: How can selective excavation and geophysical surveys identify the presence of earth and timber antecedents of stone castle sites?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanselective-5d5bad0f625ca
More information:
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM36: What more we can learn about the sites and locations of battles and invasion routes?

More information on this question
URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatmorewecanle-5d5bad0f62bce
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.34 – Undertake documentary research combined with topographical analysis and gridded metal detector surveys to locate the Battle of Solway Moss more accurately.
More information:
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM37: How can we measure the impact of Scottish and Welsh raiding on the medieval buildings and landscapes of the North-West?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/check-5d5bad0f6327c
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Undertake landscape and topographic surveys, environmental evidence, historic research, study defensive adaptation of vernacular buildings. Link to documentary research where such resources exist.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM38: How can archaeology demonstrate the effect of the Norman Harrying of the North on Medieval settlement and landscape?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanarchaeolo-5d5bad0f63907
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Use landscape and topographic surveys, environmental evidence, historic research. Use Domesday Survey where appropriate eg. Clitheroe and use Yorkshire evidence.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM39: How extensive and effective were urban defences?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howextensiveand-5d5bad0f63f31
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Determine if defences were for actual use, and if the presence of defences were related to a settlement’s status or a reflection on it prosperity.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM40: To what extent is the impact of the War of the Roses evident in the archaeological record?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Towhatextentist-5d5bad0f644ca
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Use landscape and topographic surveys, PAS data, environmental evidence, burial evidence, historic research, study of defensive adaptation of structures.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM41: To what extent was the development of defensive or pseudo-defensive structures linked to cultural ideas of landscape and power, and are these reflected in the development of high status residences from the castle and defended house to the later stately home, country house and estate?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Towhatextentwas-5d5bad0f649cc
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Ideas of expressions of lordship and power and their relationship to the landscape are coming to the fore in history studies. The relationships to landscape and resource exploitation may be governed by cultural factors as much as by those of economy and practicality. Power centres need to be studied in their cultural setting.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

Technology and Production

LM42: How can we contextualise Medieval industrial remains within estate-based surveys of monastic and secular based buildings and land holdings?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/42.Howcanwecont-5d5bad0f64f47
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.35 – Identify likely medieval industrial remains within estate-based surveys of both monastic and secular holdings.
More information:

PAS data. Link to documentary research where such resources exist.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM43: What can recent investigations tell us about Medieval iron production and how can this inform future targeting of research?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatcanrecentin-5d5bad0f654e2
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.36 – Investigate bloomery sites in Furness and other major iron working areas using geophysical techniques.
More information:

Undertake a review of recent investigations, identification of sites/areas of research. Place name evidence, documentary evidence for iron and other metal sites. Excavate selective bloomeries, especially where evidence of water power usage, to discover their dates and technological development

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM44: How can modern analysis techniques improve our understanding of Medieval non-ferrous extraction and production sites?

More information on this question
URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanmodernana-5d5bad0f65acc
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.38 – Undertake combined documentary and topographical surveys, and where appropriate palaeoenvironmental and geochemical analysis, to identify areas and relicts of medieval mining and non-ferrous metal working.
More information:

Place name evidence, documentary evidence for non-ferrous metal sites.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM45: What can recent analysis of building materials tell us about building industry techniques and resource management?

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More information:
Routine analysis of datable building materials to gain information on both building industry technology and the nature of woodland industries and management. The timber-framed halls and churches in the south of the region may be particularly useful in this respect. (5.6:5.39)
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.39 – Undertake routine analysis of datable building materials.
Status:
Active
Date of next review:
20/08/2024
Found in the following Frameworks:
North West Research Framework
Categories:
Woodland, Medieval, Assemblage, Timber framed building, North west

LM46: How can we best identify and date ceramic kiln sites?

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More information:

Research place name evidence. Review our understanding of the location of ceramic production centres.

Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.40 – Identify and investigate pottery kiln sites.
Status:
Active
Date of next review:
20/08/2024
Found in the following Frameworks:
North West Research Framework
Categories:
Medieval, Pottery kiln, Archaeomagnetic sampling, Place name study, North west

LM47: How can detailed archaeological investigation define the location and character of water powered mills, especially fulling mills?

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As precursors to the later industrial scale textile industry. 

Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.41 – Undertake detailed investigation of mill sites, especially fulling mills.
Status:
Active
Date of next review:
20/08/2024
Found in the following Frameworks:
North West Research Framework
Categories:
Medieval, Textile mill, Fulling mill, North west

LM48: What do we know about the nature and development of Medieval urban-based industries?

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Status:
Active
Date of next review:
20/08/2024
Found in the following Frameworks:
North West Research Framework
Categories:
Industrial, Medieval, Town, North west

LM49: How can the analysis of place and street names inform our understanding of urban industries?

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Utilise Urban Archaeological Databases, Extensive Urban Surveys, Historical Landscape Characterisation, dedicated historic research.
Status:
Active
Date of next review:
20/08/2024
Found in the following Frameworks:
North West Research Framework
Categories:
Industrial, Medieval, Town, Historic landscape characterisation, Place name study, North west

LM50: How can archaeological studies further our knowledge of the development of ceramic building material production?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanarchaeolo-5d5bad0f6804d
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Identification and investigation of tile and brick kiln sites including the use of archaeomagnetic dating to identify sequences more closely and investigate the links between producers and consumers. Research place name evidence.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM51: How can we improve knowledge of the extractive industries to include stone as well as minerals?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanweimprove-5d5bad0f685af
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The area is known for mining but the origins of this are obscured by latter extraction on an industrial scale. Ensure that the study of mining landscapes includes acknowledgement of possible origins. The study of stone extraction has been neglected with many small quarries across the region whose origins and period of use are unknown. Link these to buildings and their construction materials and origins. Can we link stone in settlement and industrial buildings to particular quarries?
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

Trade, Exchange and Interaction

LM52: How can we improve our understanding of Medieval ports and distribution networks?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanweimprove-5d5bad0f68bec
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Documentary research and artefact and sample excavations needed. Maritime archaeology. Can we establish the existence of an “Irish Sea Zone”? Work with CITIZAN. Use PAS data to track trading networks through styles of object etc.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM53: How can maritime archaeology identify and expand our knowledge of Medieval wreck sites?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanmaritimea-5d5bad0f6a268
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A resource is needed for chance discoveries. Work with Nautical Archaeology Society Engage local groups to survey vessels. Need co-ordinated dating programme to research undated vessels recorded by rapid coastal zone survey.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM54: How can we develop our understanding of the distribution networks for pottery production sites?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanwedevelop-5d5bad0f6aa0a
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.45 – Undertake regional pottery studies examining distributions from production centres and the apparent biases within the data and the perceptions of the nature of the data.
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Reference collection required for Medieval ceramics. Encourage detectorists to pick up and record their pottery with PAS through targeted talks – many currently dismiss it. Mapping of production centres is needed, possibly on volunteer network model.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM55: How can we develop a ceramic typology for the medieval period?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanwedevelop-5d5bad0f6b056
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Apply the Rainford model for early Post-Medieval typologies to medieval pottery forms.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM56: How can we identify different patterns of social interaction from artefact assemblage studies?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/check-5d5bad0f6b744
Linked Strategy(s):
LM5.46 – Undertake artefacts studies contrasting well dated urban assemblages with those from nearby contemporary rural sites and contrasting high status site assemblages with those from ordinary sites.
More information:

Contrast urban and rural, high and low status sites.

Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM57: What are the inter relationships between urban settlements and their rural hinterlands?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whataretheinter-5d5bad0f6bc81
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Use distribution and trade patterns, central place theory models. Fairs at abbeys and priories were banned in the early 15th century but where did they take place (eg. outer court at Whalley Abbey) and did they continue? Expand and build on Extensive Urban Surveys. Are urban settlements always administrative centres? If not then these should be included.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM58: What contribution did monasticism make to Medieval production and trade and how was this impacted by the Dissolution?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Whatcontributio-5d5bad0f6c284
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Study decline of Cistercian wares and production of imitation wares. Changes in iron production and other traditionally monastic based industry. Huge amounts of iron production in the Lake District and there was a big impact on organisation, and a gap from mid-16th to mid-17th centuries. Impact on the Lake District and Furness area.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM59: How can we identify the extent of the land-based communications network systems and how far these were influenced by landownership types including monastic?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howcanweidentif-5d5bad0f6c7e8
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Can we identify and map the major communications routes through the Pennines and from north to south across the region. Use artefact distribution studies alongside landscape survey, place name and documentary evidence. Do we have canals and navigable rivers systems from this period?
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

LM60: How do we improve our understanding of coin production and coin distribution in the North West?

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URI:
https://researchframeworks.org/nwrf/researchframework/v1/question/Howdoweimproveo-5d5bad0f6cd8b
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Analysis of regional distribution patterns alongside that of hoards and their composition. Link to documentary research. Ensure coinage distribution and other artefacts studies are analysed together to establish chronological relationships. Can this be linked with where the metal came from eg. Cumbria mines and which one? Use PAS database. Many small hoards (of 2 to 10 coins) may be overlooked but need to be included for study. The study of clippings and counterfeits should be of interest.
Status:
Active
Authority to change status:
NW Research Framework Steering Group
Date accepted:
20/08/2019
Date of next review:
20/08/2024

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